Gaius Suetonius
Biography Part Three Octavian Augustus
LXXI. Of all these accusations or calumnies, of having prostituted which was more easily refuted by the purity of his life at that time and thereafter. It seems that was also less passionate about the luxury of what was said, since after the capture of Alexandria, of all the riches of kings aside by a glass of clay, fusing all gold everyday. But, nevertheless, was always inclined to women, and say they wanted especially with age virgin seeking that this is everywhere, and even his own wife searched for her. As for his reputation as a gambler, not worried in the least, and always played with abandon, calling it a comfort, especially in old age, he played, therefore, both in December as in any other month, whether or not day holiday. Of this there can be no doubt, because although it is preserved a letter that reads: I have dined, my dear Tiberius, with whom they know. Vinicius and Lilius, father, have come to increase the number of guests. The older we played with dice, at dinner, yesterday and today. As and six lost, and spent the money game for granted, but Venus takes it all. In another letter he says: My dear Tiberius've been pleasantly feasts of Minerva, having played relentlessly all day. Your brother complained, but ultimately, their losses have been severe, and eventually changed the fate and recovered from their disasters. As for me I lost twenty thousand sesterces, because of my regular donations, because if he wanted me to pay the beating of my adversaries and ill give nothing to the losers would have won more than fifty thousand. But I prefer this, because goodness I am worth my eternal glory. His daughter writes: I have sent two hundred and fifty money, I have as much to each guest, to play at dice or at odd and even during dinner. Augustus was, however, very moderate in their other customs and was protected from censure.
LXXII. Dwelt first near the old Forum on the ladder ring, in a mansion that belonged to the speaker Calvo. He served on the Palatine Hill after the house, no less modest, Hortensio, neither was spacious and was decorated, for its galleries were narrow and common stone, having marble or tiles on the rooms. Bedtime for over forty years, winter and summer, in the same room, and always spent the winter in Rome, despite having experienced the air of the city was contrary to health in this season. When he had a secret business deal or want to work without being interrupted, shut himself in the top of his house, in a case he called his Syracuse or museum, or a fifth retired immediately, or home of any of its freedmen. When going to bed feeling ill Maecenas home. Withdrawals he liked best were those near the sea, as the islands of Campania, or the villages located around Rome as Lanuvio, Praeneste, Tibur, where often administered justice under the portico of the temple of Hercules. He did not like houses too big and expensive, and did raze to the ground one fifth of his granddaughter Julia, whose construction had cost huge amounts. On their own, which were very simple, cared less of the statues and paintings to galleries, bushes and things whose value depends on their rarity or antiquity, like the bones of giant animals that are in Capri, and those gives the name of giant bones and weapons of the heroes.
LXXIII. Can judge its economy in the removal of the beds and tables that already exist, and they are hardly worthy of a particularly wealthy. Went to bed at a very low bed and dressed with great simplicity. Never used other clothes that he concocted at home his sister, his wife, daughter or granddaughters. His dress was not narrow nor broad, nor was its broad nor narrow lacticlavia. He wore shoes seem a bit high for taller, was always in her bedroom suit and shoes he carried in the Forum, to be ready to present in case of sudden occurrence.
LXXIV. Frequent guest, but in these foods, always regular, carefully distinguished the ranks and people. Valerius Messala concerns that it never admitted to his table to any freedom, except Menas, who had granted all the rights of free birth, for having made delivery of the fleet of Sextus Pompey. Augustus himself tells us that one day he was eating with an old soldier of his guard, in whose house he was. Sometimes he sat at the table after the other and stood before their peers, having started to eat before arrival and continuing after leaving him. Her meals usually consisted of three services, and six in the great feasts, and the more modest era, both showed more cheerful. He tried to talk with silent or spoke only in whispers, and did go musicians, buffoons, clowns and dancers of the Circus, and most often poor orators.
LXXV. Festivals and ceremonies celebrated with great magnificence, but often not looking at it more than once ridiculed. Thus, in the Saturnalia, and at other times, at his choice, sending gifts to friends, consisting of dresses, gold, silver, coins from all parts, old parts of the time of kings or of foreign manufacture, coarse fabrics, sponges , tweezers, scissors and other objects of the same gender, with dark markings and double meanings. In their meals did draw lots of very unequal value, or put on sale tables overturned, depending on the chance to be undertaken or frustrate the expectations of the buyer. For each table there was a tender, and the guests were communicating to each other their good or bad fortune.
LXXVI. He ate very little (or even omit these details), and always of common things. Especially like bread mixed, small fish, handmade cheeses and fresh figs, the species that ripens twice a year, ate often before the usual time, at any time, according to the needs of their stomach. In a letter says: I have eaten in the carriage bread and dates, and in another: The Numa Palace return to my home, ate in the litter one ounce of bread and some raisins. A Tiberius wrote: No Jew who observes fasting more rigorously on the Sabbath day from what I've seen today, until the early hours of the night but I have not eaten in two bites before I bath perfume. Do not follow other rules than his appetite, it happens sometimes dine alone before or after dinner to the guests, during which nothing remained unproven.
LXXVII. He was also very sober in wine. Cornelius Nepos relates that in his camp before Modena drank only three times during the meal. Later in the midst of its greatest excesses only drank six cups, when exceeded, vomited. His preference for the wine strong, but it was strange that he should drink during the day, instead taking bread dipped in cold water, or a piece of cucumber, or a head of lettuce, or even a sour fruit and juicy.
LXXVIII. After the midday meal was delivered a moment to rest, clothing and shoes, covered feet and placing his hand over his eyes. After dinner he retired to his bed work, where watched part of the night until finished, or left at least very advance what he lacked resolve the issues at hand. He then went to bed and never slept more than seven hours, that were not even continuous, as in this space of time awake three or four times. If, as usual, did not recover interrupted sleep, did you read or recite stories: after returning to sleep v ordinarily remained in bed until after dawn. Never watched in the dark without someone to accompany him. He did not like getting up early, and when some sacrifice or public duty obliged him to get up early, trying to not experience much discomfort, lying in a servant of his house near the place where I had to go, but despite this precaution, too often sleep over him when he carried through the streets, and if anything happened that would make stopping the litter, seized the opportunity to sleep.
LXXIX. His appearance was very nice with no change with age but showed no taste for adornment, no care was becoming by the hair, which made him hastily cut off several barbers at once on the chin, sometimes it was cut too little, others much, and while doing reading or writing. It was so serene countenance, and spoke, and to remain silent, that a Frenchman, belonging to one of the leading families in the country, confessed one day to own who to go through the Alps he came up with an excuse to talk, but with intention of throwing to a precipice and only appearance was enough to stop him in his resolution. His eyes were bright and shiny and would even consider that they are endowed with divine power somehow. So when he stared at one, liked to drop his eyes before the sun, lost in his old age, however much the left eye view. His teeth were small, light and uneven, slightly curly hair and some blond eyebrows together, medium ears, nose aquiline and pointed, dark complexion, short stature (although he attributed freedman July Morato five feet nine inches ), but so provided its members to observe that his short statue was necessary to see side by side taller than him.
LXXX. He had, say, his body covered with blotches, and chest and belly natural signals arranged like the stars in the constellation Ursa, intense itching, and the constant use of a stiff brush also welled calluses, which had degenerated into empedines. He had the hip, thigh and left leg a little weak, and often limping on this side, but remedied this weakness by means of bandages and canes. From time to time experienced so much inertia in the index finger of his right hand, which, when it was cold, had to write around it a circle of horn. It also complained of pains in bladder, which only subsided when throwing stones in the urine.
LXXXI. Suffered during his lifetime, several serious diseases and dangerous especially after the submission of Cantabria, had infarcts in the liver, losing all hope of cure. On the advice of Antonio Musa then followed the bold approach of the enemy, nothing had been achieved with hot fomentation, turned to the cold, and he recovered. He suffered from other ailments that even attacking him every year on a fixed day, being almost always wrong in the month he was born: he kindled the diaphragm spring and early fluxions suffered when wind blew from the south.
LXXXII. In winter you wore four layers beneath the thick cloak; added wool shirt and jacket, offering shelter to thighs and legs. In summer he slept with the doors of his chamber open and often under the portico of his palace, where the air was cooled by several fountains and a slave where he was also responsible for fanning. He could not endure the sun even in winter, and never walked the air, even at home without a headscarf. He traveled in a litter, and often at night, moving slowly and short stages, used to go to two days or Tubir Praeneste and when possible preferred to sea. Took great care of his poor health and bathed very rarely, preferring to rub with oil and sweat the heat, making him meet you later on warm water or warmed in the sun. Where, due to nerves needed sea baths, or thermal Albula, was content to sit on a piece of wood, which gave the Spanish name of Dureta, and dived into the water his hands and feet alternately.
LXXXIII. Immediately after the civil wars quit riding exercises and weapons in the field of Mars, first replacing the ball hard and wind, soon was limited, however, to walk on foot or in a litter, and ended walking, running jumping, covered with light canvas or thick blanket, depending on the season. When I wanted to give some rest to his spirit, fishing or play dice, the taba or nuts with children who loved and sought him everywhere, especially Mauro and Syrians. For the dwarfs, misshapen and deformed as the hated mockery of nature and objects of foreboding.
LXXXIV. Since childhood so successfully applied as a desire to study the eloquence and belles-lettres. Muciense During the war, and despite the huge weight of business, be sure to read every day, composed, and practiced in the domain of the word. Never spoke in the Senate, or the people or the soldiers without having thought worked slowly and his speech, though not without the ability to improvise. To avoid exposure to forgetfulness and not waste time memorizing, took the habit of reading every word. Prepared in advance to their private conversations, and when they should be about serious matter, was written even they should have with Livia, and then talked reading, fearing that improvisation would make him appear too short. He had some tenderness in his voice unique, and regularly took lessons from a master of euphony, but sometimes, due to disorders of the throat, had to resort to the voice of a preacher to speak to the people.
LXXXV. He composed many works of prose genres, and recited some in his circle of friends who served as his audience, among these are responses to Brutus, concerning Coton, of which he read most, despite being old, but had to order Tiberius finished reading, she also wrote the exhortations to philosophy and the memoirs of his life in thirteen books that embrace until the war of the Cantabrian and left unfinished. Also tried poetry, surviving him a little work in hexameter verses, whose title and subject is the Sicily and a short collection of Epigrams, which generally worked in the bathroom. It started with great enthusiasm a tragedy of Ajax, but not satisfied with the style, destroyed, one day his friends asked what had become of Ajax, Ajax replied that his had fallen on a sponge.
LXXXVI. He adopted a simple style and elegant at once, so far from vain pomp affected as rudeness, or as he said, composed of old words which have the smell of sick. His principal care was to express thoughts clearly, and to do better, not to hinder or restrain the intelligence of readers, not spared the propositions that determine the meaning of words or conjunctions linking phrases, and whose abolition, if you increase the grace of style, is at the expense of clarity. He despised equally the writers who create new words lavishly and those who want to banish the old, making tough opposition to these two defects. Patrons paying particular attention to and parody to correct him, he kept his censure flowery fragrance style. Nor Tiberius forgave his fondness for big words and enigmatic. Reprimand also in his letters to M. Antonio for his habit of writing things that are easier to admire than to understand, and mocking because rehearsed all styles and did not know what fixed, added: Hete in deep trouble: do not know what Annio Cimber imitate or Skinny Veranius or if you use the words that Crispus Sallust has taken the Origins of Cato, or if you do happen to our language the fickleness of empty sentences and words of the speakers from Asia. In another letter he tells his granddaughter Agrippina, celebrating its discretion: Beware especially of writing or speaking emphatically.
LXXXVII. For his autograph letters you see in family conversation was using many notable phrases. For example, speaking of bad payers, said: They will pay in the Greek Kalends. When advised to bear this fate, whether it might be, he wrote: be content with that Cato. To express the speed with which he had done something, said: Before you cook the asparagus. Almost always wrote baceolus by stultus (silly), pulleiaceus by pullus (animal husbandry), vacerrosus by cerritus (crazy). To say I am wrong I am writing in vaporous state, instead of the word lachanizare, with which usually expresses the state of languor, of betizare used, said potholes by sumus (we are) and domes, in the genitive singular, for domus (house), to show that this was in the beginning and not ignorance, never wrote these words differently. He also noted that in his manuscripts did not divide the words, and instead of placing in the top of the line following the letters that were left in a line, placed them under the last of this line and surrounded them with a stroke.
LXXXVIII. It noted much the spelling, ie how and why established by the grammarians to write, and apparently felt like they want to be written as we speak. Widespread misconception is to ignore or reverse letters and syllables, and not talk about it if I had not read with surprise in some authors, who replaced him as ignorant and a regular consular legacy for writing ixi by ipsi. When he wrote in figure put the b in a, c for by well with the other letters, for x put two a.
LXXXIX. He was very fond of Greek literature. and it took great superiority. It had the teacher to Apollodorus of Pergamum, which was already old when his young disciple took with him from Rome to Apollonia. Achieved after treatment varied with frequent scholarship philosopher Arens and his sons Dionysius and Nicanor. Never came, however, speak Greek properly or dared to write anything in this language. When circumstances demanded Latin writing, ordering another to translate the writing. He was smart in poetry, and enjoyed especially the old comedy, making represent frequently in public performances. What more curious looking at the writers of both languages were the precepts and examples to the public or private life; the copied word for word and usually sent them to their delegates to the generals, governors of provinces and Rome magistrates warnings or advice when needed. There were books to read full Senate, to make them available to people through edicts, and the speeches of Q. Metellus on the Propagation, and Rutilio on how to build, with this system is intended to prove that there had been the first to understand the importance of these two cases, but that the ancient Romans had occupied them. Favored by all means to the mills of his century, listened patiently and pleasure reading all the plays, stories, poems, speeches, dialogues, but not like that issue be taken for his praise, unless the work was of serious style and renowned author, recommended that the magistrates will not allow his name prostituyese literary contests.
XC. With respect to their superstitions, here is what is says is unwisely afraid of thunder and lightning avert the dangers of which he believed always carrying a cowhide marina. Approaching storm lurked in underground vaulted place, and this fear came from having once dropped Victorian lightning near him during an overnight journey, as originally said.
XCI. Greatly worried him their dreams and what he referred to it in others. The day of the battle of Philippi had decided, feeling a bit sick, do not leave your tent, the dream of a friend Moviola to change resolution, and rightly so, because, taken their enemies camp and falling on his bed, acribilláronlo beating, believing that was in him. By the spring was dreadful visions, very persistent, but uncertain and void, and the rest of the year was less frequent and less fanciful. At a time when I often visited the temple dedicated to Jupiter the Thunderer on the Capitol, he dreamed that Jupiter Capitoline had complained about this neighborhood that took away his worshipers, and said he had given to Jupiter the Thunderer as porter in the morning Next was garrison the top of this temple with bells such as those put on the doors. As a result also of their sleep every year on a fixed day begging the people, and extended his hand to passers-by to receive a few cards.
XCIII. With respect to foreign ceremonies, the ancient and respected the time-honored and laws, so despised each other. It had become initiated into the mysteries of Athens, and later, led by priests of the former Ceres, before his court in Rome, a case concerning their privileges and they had to reveal the secret things, brought out all his advisers and the public, and judged on its own the matter in the presence of interested parties. However, Egypt does not deviate even slightly worthy of the road to see the bull Apis, and highly commended his grandson Gaius for not crossing practiced in Jerusalem Judea any religious act.
XCIV. Since we are concerned in this matter will now omens that preceded, accompanied or followed his birth, and that seemed to announce his future greatness and its permanent happiness. In ancient time had been struck by lightning on the walls of Vélitres, and the oracle had declared that a citizen of the city someday come to possess the sovereign power. With this confidence, the people of Vélitres then launched fierce war against the Romans, who reproduced many times and threatened to be the cause of his ruin. Until a long time did not understand, and this for the event, that this omen was the power of Augustus. Refer Marato July that a few months before his birth, happened at Rome a prodigy who witnessed all its inhabitants and that meant that Nature was preparing a king for the Roman people. The Senate banned scared to raise children born in the year, but those whose wives were pregnant, expecting each prediction I helped him, managed to prevent the senate to carry files. Mendetos Asclepiades Leo, in his treatises on the divine, that Ada, the mother of Augustus, had come at midnight to the temple of Apollo for a solemn sacrifice, falling asleep in his bunk as he went the other women said they still slipped beside a snake, retiring shortly after, that waking, was purified as if out of the arms of her husband, and from that moment it was always in the body image of a serpent, an image that could never erase, so it would not ever appear in public restrooms, Augustus was born ten months later, and therefore passed by the son of Apollo. Ada also dreamed before giving birth, your bowels ascended to the stars and covering the entire length of the earth and the heavens. Also Octavian Augustus's father dreamed that a ray of sunshine out of the womb of his wife. The day he was born, deliberated in the Senate regarding the conspiracy of Catiline, and having arrived late Octavio because the birth of his wife, is well known that P. Nigidius, aware of the cause of the delay and the time of delivery, said he was born a master of the universe. Later, wearing an army Octavio more secluded part of Thrace, halted in a grove sacred to Bacchus, there consulted the god about the destiny of his son, with all private ceremonies of the barbarians, the priests preaching same things, because, after the libations of wine made on the altar of God, raising the flame to the top of the temple and from thence to heaven, miracle which only happened until then to Alexander the Great when sacrificed on the same altars. From the next night seemed to see his son Octavio bigger than they are mortals, armed with the thunderbolt and scepter, covered with the insignia of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, crowned with rays, and laurels sitting in a chariot drawn by twelve horses of dazzling whiteness. The reports of C. Drusus read that having the mother of Augustus placed the child at night in his crib in a room on the ground floor, did not find him the next morning, and that after having been looking for a long time, finally find him in the most top of a tower, and his face turned toward the rising sun. Just started talking, when pestering the croaking of frogs in the house of his grandfather, he commanded silence, and is said not to sing ever since. One day he was eating in a forest located just four miles from Rome, in the way of Campania, an eagle snatched the bread out of sight remontóse, and then dropped it back gently. Q. After Catullus dedicated the Capitol, Augustus had for two nights, the next dreams. The first saw a group of children playing around the altar of Jupiter, who took one of them, putting the statue on the chest of the Republic in his hand. He saw in the second to the same child seated on the knees of Jupiter Capitoline, wanted him out of there, but opposed the god, saying he educated for the support of the Republic. The next morning found Catullus to Augustus, who had never seen, and I call attention to its resemblance to the boy he saw in his dreams. Other related, but differently according to the dream of Catullus these, several children asked for a guardian to Jupiter, the god whom they designated one should entrust all their demands; play with his hand after the small lips, and immediately of his mouth. M. Cicero, accompanying C. Caesar to the Capitol, referring to his friends that he had a dream the night before had seen him, she explained, a distinguished child face down from the sky at the end of a gold chain, and stop before the doors of the Capitol where, in the hands of Jupiter, was a whip, then suddenly seeing Augustus, still unknown to most of them, whom Caesar had brought for sacrifice, said that this was the child whose face he saw in his sleep. The day that Augustus wore the manly toga, he ripped his lacticlavia both sides, and fell to the feet, some people concluded from this that one day you would be subject to the order of the costume was distinctive. When Caesar, near Munda, chose the spot of his camp, he cut a forest where they found a palm tree, which commanded respect as a harbinger of victory palm seedlings sprouted to the point that not only quickly equalized the stem, but they covered him completely, pigeons nesting in them, birds fleeing the rough and tough leaves of this tree. It is said that this prodigy was one of the main reasons that Caesar determined to not want another successor to the grandson of her sister. During his stay at Apollonia, Augustus raised Agrippa Theagenes observatory of the astrologer, he consulted by Agrippa, he first predicted a series of prosperity so great, so great, that Augustus would not say the day nor the peculiarities of his birth, dreading having to be ashamed before him for the prediction of a less brilliant destination. Defeated at last by the prayers of the astrologer, he declared them, and Theagenes, rising at once, he excitedly like a god. Augustus immediately gained such confidence in his destiny, which published a horoscope and did coin a silver medal with the effigy of Capricorn constellation under which he was born.
XCV. Shortly after the assassination of Caesar, when he entered Rome, back to Apollonia, being the clear sky was suddenly appear in it a circle, similar to rainbow around the sun disk, and soon after fell a thunderbolt the monument raised to Julia, daughter of the dictator. One day, he consulted the oracles, during his first consulate, appeared at his saw twelve vultures, as he once appeared to Romulus, and his sacrifice for his eyes were opened to the livers of all victims, have revealed to the last fiber, which, as stated all arúspides was great omen for him and happy destinations.
XCVI. Also took victory in all wars. Near Bologna, where they had assembled the troops of the triumvirate, an eagle perched on his tent, hurled two crows that the importuning, and toppled to the ground. The whole army was in that struggle the harbinger of discord that one day had to divide the three chiefs and even the outcome of the struggle. Before the battle of Philippi, a Thessalian announced the victory of J. Caesar, whose image it said had appeared in a lost way. One day he sacrificed under the walls of Perugia and not being satisfied with the sacrifice, he sent for new victims, being in it, the enemies, in a sudden attack, took away all the preparations, and arúspides stated that announced the dangers and setbacks to befall sacrificer those who had taken over the entrails of the victims, the subsequent events confirmed the prediction. On the eve of a naval battle fought in Sicily, while walking along the beach, jumped a fish of the sea, coming to fall at his feet. As soon as it was directed towards its fleet to take position before the battle of Actium, he found a colt with his driver, he was named Eutychus, meaning Blessed, and the donkey Nicon, or Victor. Later in the temple that was erected at the site of his camp, he dedicated a statue in bronze.
XCVII. Certis Omens also announced his death, which I will discuss shortly, and his apotheosis. When I closed the five years in the Campus Martius, before a vast multitude, an eagle flew repeatedly around him, He went after the pediment of a temple near where he was engraved the name of AGRIS and landed on the first letter. Under this omen, Augustus ordered Tiberius, a colleague, that would make the votes used for the next five years, although he had already prepared and written in his tablets, not wanting to deliver votes that had not seen made. Around the same time, a ray erased the first letter of his name from the inscription of one of his statues. Asked it the Oracle, he said he would not live more than a hundred days, number dialed by the letter C, that would be placed among the gods, because Aesar, ie what was left of his name means god in Etruscan language. Tiberius had given a command in Illyria, and wanted to accompany him to Benevento, but constantly delayed by the causes that led to his court, said (and these words were also considered omen) that nothing could stop him going more in Rome. He set out, reached Astura, and building a fair wind there, he embarked on his usual night, starting his last illness by diarrhea.
XCVIII. He walked the shores of Campania and wings neighbors, and spent four days in Capri resting and excellent mood. Sailing near Puzzola Bay, where passengers and crew of a ship of Alexandria which was in harbor, went to greet him dressed in white robes and crowns tight, burning incense before him, heaped praise him, and his wishes for its prosperity , exclaimed that he lived, and that he had the freedom of navigation and all his possessions. So glad you put these acclamations, who ordered distributed to all of his entourage forty gold pieces, and made them promise under oath that would use the money to buy goods in Alexandria. In the days that followed also distributed, and other small gifts Greek Roman togas and cloaks, making dressing the Greeks the Roman dress, and the Romans, Greek, a change that extended into the language. During the days he spent in Capri extremely pleased to see the exercises in a group of young Greek ruins of the ancient institution. He did serve his food in his presence, and gave them permission to order and delivered to all the liberties of his crazy old bag and enter the fruit, desserts and even the money that they brought on their behalf. There was, well, kind of distraction that does not deliver on that trip. Because of the happy lives of those in his party in the neighboring island of Capri, gave the Greek name of place of idleness. One such MASG, who had loved and who, joke, often called the founder of the island, had died the previous year, and the inhabitants of the country, all with lighted torches, the group visited his grave. Seeing one day from his desk, he improvised the Greek verse:
"I see the founder's tomb on fire."
and turning Trasillo, companion of Tiberius, who knew what it was, asked him what was that verse poet. One hesitated to answer, and then Augustus added the following:
"Do you not see a MASG surrounded by torches?"
and repeated the question, responding at last questioned that whatever the author, the poems were excellent; Augustus burst into laughter and joked for a long time. Then he went to Naples, continuing more or less tormented by stomach pains. Assisted in this city and five-year gymnastic games established in his honor, and he accompanied Tiberius to the place of destination. But in return, feeling worse, was stopped at Nola, he returned to Tiberius, had with him a secret conversation that lasted a long time, and no longer occupied more serious matters.
XCIX. The day of his death repeatedly asked if their state produced some commotion outside and asked for a mirror and arranged her hair to disguise the emaciation of his face. When they entered their friends, said: "I think I represented well this farce of life? He added the sentence in Greek comedies ending:
"If you like it, clap your hands and applaud the author."
Ordered to retire after all, asked about the disease still the daughter of Drusus some who came from Rome, and died suddenly in the arms of Livia, saying Livia v recalls living our mission farewell. His death was quiet and as always had wished for when she heard that one had died quickly and painlessly, exposed the extent his death wish him and all his family in this way, as expounded by the Greek word for shouting , and assaulted by sudden fear, dragged him forty young, however, was more evidence of weakness omen that reason, since Praetorian forty soldiers took his body to the spot where he explained.
C. He died in the same room as his father Octavius, under the consulship of Sextus Pompeius and Sextus Apuleius, 14 Kalends of September in the ninth hour of the day (63), at seventy-six years younger thirty-five days . They moved his body from Nola to Bobila, bringing the Ten municipalities and colonies and traveling by night because of the station. In Bobila was delivered to the knights, who took him to Rome, depositing it in the vestibule of his house. The Senate wanted to honor his memory by celebrating his funeral with pomp extraordinary number of proposals they presented to the subject: some wanted the cortege passed through the arch of triumph, preceded by a statue of Victory which is in the Senate, and the young nobles of both sexes singing dirges, others that day of the funeral will carry iron rings instead of gold rings, suggesting some to take charge of collecting his bones to the priests of the colleges. One also suggested that was moved in August to September, the name of Augustus, because he was born in the last and died in the first, another that the time from birth to death is called the Augustan age and with this name was known in the annals. They began, however, limits to such propositions. On his remains were delivered two funeral eulogies, one by Tiberius, before the temple of J. Caesar, and another by Drusus, son of Tiberius, near the old rostrum of the speeches, was carried on the shoulders of the Senators to the Campus Martius, where he was placed on the pyre. A former praetor said there had seen rising from the flames into the sky the image of Augustus. The most distinguished of the equestrian order, barefoot and wearing simple robes, gathered his ashes, deposited in the mausoleum which he had built during his sixth consulship between the Tiber and the Via Flaminia, speak to him surrounded by forest, being since then become public park .
CI. Augustus had made his will under the consulate of L. Plauco and C. Silius, 3 of the Nones of April, one year and four months before his death, he added two codicils, written partly in his own hand and partly by his freedmen Polybius and Hilarion. This will, deposited in the College of Vestal, was shown the same in three volumes with identical labels. Opened in the Senate and was read out. Instituted by principal heirs Tiberius and Livia, the first half plus one sixth and one in third, providing that bore his name. Without these, called the succession to Drusus, son of Tiberius, in third, and Germanicus and his three children in the sixth. Finally, third heir to a considerable number of relatives and friends. Bequeathed to the Roman people forty million sesterces, to each soldier of the praetorian guard, a thousand sesterces; to urban cohorts, and legions hundred, three hundred. These amounts should be paid at once, something not difficult, since they were booked in the Imperial Treasury. Also made other bequests, some of which were as high as two million sesterces, pointing to a year to pay, giving the excuse the modesty of his fortune, for he declared that his heirs would not get the succession more than a hundred million sesterces ( 64) although in the last twenty years of his life his friends had left by four billion will, by having everyone in the state employee and his two paternal estates and other family heirloom. He named only two Julias. her daughter and granddaughter to bar buried with him in the same grave. Of the three statements that will have left by four billion, to funerals, another a summary of his life, which was recorded on brass plates in front of his mausoleum, and the third was a statement of the status of the whole empire, with respect to the soldiers he had under the banners of money in the treasury of the emperor, in state coffers, and taxes or taxes still owed. Care must add the name of the freedmen and slaves who could be called accounts.
Notes
(41) For example, decenvirato and the councilor, called by the Roman magisterium; the word magistratus has highest significance.
(42) September 23
(43) land them on in newborn Ops invoking him favorably received, we called this goddess Levana because this ceremony presided pueris levandis of misses.
(44) When I raise Rome moved by pomp omens.
(45) and simultaneously raise means to remove.
(46) This will had been deposited by Antonio in the college of vestal virgins. According to Dio the existence of this document had been disclosed to Augustus by Titius and Glaucus, who had appeared as witnesses.
(47) Old Pueblo Africa, enjoyed great fame, it was believed that their bodies had the power to kill snakes, numbed with only its smell. When they had a son, to ensure that their wives had no trade with strangers, the newborn had a snake, if not in flight, the child was legitimate.
(48) From the Latin word vallum, trench, wall.
(49) Turip, panici, v. 612.
(50) The Senate decree power tribune in 724, after the defeat of Antony, did not take, however, hold up 731, it retained thirty-six years and some months, ie until his death in 767.
(51) These functions will be granted first by five years at 735, then at 742, for another five years. Perhaps because Suetonius the perpetual flame is always renewed.
(52) From the name of Augustus was derived by corruption, our August.
(53) provided a sort of conscription among girls from six to ten years which had entered the priesthood, the raging of his sisters, was also waived for the daughters of quindecenviros, the flamines and salianos .
(54) The law provides that Pompeii who had committed or attempted parricide, if he confessed, was bloodied beaten with rods, and then sewn into a sack with a dog, a cat, a snake and a monkey and thrown into the sea.
(55) were called Orcini, or freedom of Orcus, Pluto, which were by the will of their owners, so it seemed they were given freedom from the depths of the underworld. For the same reason it was called the Senators Orcini issue here. Caesar, according to Antonio, he had appointed in his Memoirs, and needed to respect your wishes.
(56) These judges were appointed to examine the state of the temples and public buildings, and be vigilant that they are repaired.
(57) The jurisdiction of these judges was very extensive, it covered judicial powers and the police, judged for example, the difficulties between masters and slaves, lacking the tutors, fraud of the bankers: repressed unlawful associations; watching shows, etc.
(58) These decorations were a laurel wreath triumphant mantle, scepter, a statue, cough thanksgiving to gods, the title of imperator, everything, in short, except the solemn march and truck of the winner.
(59) The dating manumissions citizenship rights, but exerted only in the four urban tribes, who were the least important. Aelia Leutia law imposes a restriction that says here is that Suetonius. There was yet another limitation to those who had been freed with less solemnity, which only acquired the rights of Latinos.
(60) Distributions in cash or extraordinary genres.
(61) torg, necklace.
(62) Iliad, III, 4.
(62bis) Do not you see that dude governs your disk with your finger? The allusion is to the double meaning of the word orbis, meaning both the circle (here the tambourine? And the universe.
(623) Since this meeting was hired sacrilegious choirmaster, and Malia saw six gods and six goddesses when Caesar, in his wickedness, dared to parody Phoebus, when renewing time entertaining the adulteries of the gods. Then all the gods moved away from the earth and Jupiter himself fled away from his golden throne.
(624) My father was a forex trader, I sell glasses.
(625) Lost at sea their boyfriends because of two storms was saved the day and night playing dice.
(63) August 19 to half past three o'clock.
(64) Something more than twenty-nine million pesetas gold.
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