Gaius Suetonius Quiet
Written in the second century D.C.
OCTAVIAN AUGUSTUS
I. Many monuments attest Octavio's family was at the age of the first of Vélitres. An important part of the city was known for a long time neighborhood Octavius, and was displayed on an altar consecrated by an Octavius, who appointed general in a war against a neighboring town, and noticed a day in the midst of a sacrifice to the god Mars , the sudden irruption of the enemy, took away from the flames almost raw meat of the victim, distributed according to the rite, he ran to the battle and returned victorious. There was also a decree that offer the same manner hereinafter victims to the god Mars and the remains were carried to Octavius.
III. His father, C. Octavio, enjoyed as a young man of considerable property and public esteem and I am surprised that some writers have made him agent broker, and even buying votes in agricultural meetings. Brought up in affluence, easily reached the most authoritative, serving honorably. After his Pretura, Macedonia designóle luck, in the way he destroyed the fugitive remnants of the armies of Spartacus and Catiline, who occupied the territory of Thurium, special commission entrusted to the Senate. In the government of his province was so much equality as a value. He defeated the Thracians in kisses and a great battle, and so nobly tried to allies that M. Cicero, in many letters that still exist, exhorts his brother Quintus, then proconsul in Asia, where they enjoyed a good reputation, to imitate his neighbor and deserved Octavio like him gratitude of the allies.
IV. Upon returning from Macedonia, and before proposing his candidature for the consulate, died suddenly, leaving Ancaria, Octavia the eldest, and Ada, his second wife, Octavia Minor and Augustus. Ada was the daughter of M. Acio Balbus and Julia, sister of C. Cesare Balbo, by the father, was a native of Aricia, and had many senators in his family of mother on the other hand, was a close relative of Pompey the Great, honored with the Pretura, was also one of the twenty commissioners who, in under the Julian law, were responsible for distributing land to the people of Campania. However, pretending Antonio equal disdain for maternal ancestors of Augustus, says his great-grandfather was African race, which had a shop at Aricia, sometimes perfumes and other bread. Cassius of Parma, one of his letters, not content to call Augusto grandson of a baker, but also the grandson of a money broker, saying that sold flour your mother left the mill worst Arica, and the money changer of Nerulum the kneading with hands blackened copper.
V. Augustus was born under the consulate of M. Cicero and Antony, the ninth of the Kalends of October (42), shortly before sunrise, in the Palatine district, near Las Cabezas de Buey, at the site where now there is a temple which was built shortly after his death. The minutes of the Senate, is in fact a young patrician named C. Letorio, convicted of adultery, to avoid severe penalty for this crime, the senators argued before their age, origin and especially as the owner and guardian in a way I had touched the ground at birth Augustus (43), having therefore called grace in regard to this god, who was as particular and domestic divinity, consecrated by decree of the house where Augustus was born.
VI. Even today, in a cottage belonging to his ancestors, near Vélitres, taught the room where she breastfed, which is very small and like a kitchen, with belief in the vicinity of that was born there. Religious duty is not to enter into this camera but by necessity and with great respect, because, according to an ancient belief, which has the audacity to enter it, is suddenly assaulted by a mixture of horror and dread secrets, confirms this popular rumor that, having slept in this room a new owner of the property, either by chance, to see what was happening, she felt a few hours away by sudden and mysterious force, encontrándosele dying in front of the gate, where was launched from the bed.
VII. In its infancy, and in memory of the origin of their elders, was given the name of Turin, but also says that the reason was that shortly after his birth, his father Octavius in the territory of Turino beat runaway slaves. I can say with certainty what was called Turino, because I had in my possession an ancient bronze medal that represents child and whose inclusion in iron letters and almost obliterated, expresses that name. I gave this medal to our prince, who placed it with pious respect among his household gods. Another proof: M. Antonio, thinking outrage, he called in his letters often Turino, Augustus contented answer, I missed it injurious wanted her first name. He later of Caesar and the end of Augustus: one under the will of her uncle, and the other Planco Munatius proposal, although some senators wanted him called Romulus, having been somewhat the second founder of Rome. The prevailing view, however, the name of Augustus, because it was new, and especially because it was respectable, in fact, the places consecrated by religion or by the Ministry of augurs name is Augusto, whether this word is derived from auctus (accretion), since it comes from Gestus or Augustus, used both in the omens of birds, Ennio says in this verse:
Augustus illustrious omen postquam Roma condita est (44).
VIII. He was four when he lost his father at twelve spoke in front of the assembled people, the eulogy of his grandmother Julia, at sixteen civil wore the toga, and although his age was even exempted from service, the day of victory Caesar's war in Africa, received military awards. Having left her uncle, a few days later to Spain against the sons of Cn. Pompey, Augustus, just recovered from a serious illness, followed him with some companions along roads infested with enemies, we achieved despite a shipwreck, he did good service, and did admire not only his conduct during the trip, the nature of their character. Caesar, who fastened after the Spains, meditating an expedition against the Dacians, and another against the Parthians, sent in advance to Apollonia, where he surrendered to the study. There he learned that Caesar had been murdered and that he had instituted heir, and was in doubt for some time if implore the legions immediate relief, but refused to take this step as rash and hasty. He returned to Rome, where he came into his inheritance, despite the misgivings of his mother and his stepfather opinionated comments, Marcius Philippus, a man consular. Immediately raised armies, rule the Republic, first with Antony and Lepidus, he did it then with Antony only, for about twelve years, and finally, one for forty-four.
IX. Such is the summary of his life. Now I will discuss separately the various acts carried out by him, not in order of time but by nature to be understood more clearly and distinctly. Faced five civil wars, Mulciense, Philippi, Perusiana, Sicily and of Actium, the first and last against Antony, the second against Brutus and Cassius, the third against Luc. Anthony, brother of the triumvirate, the fourth against Sex. Pompey, son of Gnaeus.
X. It was the cause and starting all these wars which imposed the obligation to avenge the death of his uncle and maintain the validity of their actions. So since he returned from Apollonia, he decided to attack Brutus and Cassius openly unexpected and he saw that escaped that danger, who knew how to prevent, and then armed himself against them by the authority of the laws, and accusing them, though absent, as murderers. Not daring makers to games set by the victories of Caesar to fulfill this duty, he concluded. To better secure the execution of his designs, would replace a tribune of the people, who had just died, and although not yet a senator and patrician alone, itself run. They failed, however, all efforts by the opposition of the consul M. Antonio, which had done its chief backer, and that meant not let you enjoy anything, even ordinary and common law, but by making an exorbitant price collusion, then return to the big party, of whom he was hated Antonio, because he was besieged in Mutina Decimus Brutus, striving to throw the weapons of a province that had given him Caesar and the Senate confirmed. On the advice of some supporters, Octavio tried to assassinate him, but discovered the plot, and fearing to turn up for their defense and the army of the Republic veterans, who filled her extravagance. He was then with the title of propraetor, command of the army and ordered to meet with the new consuls Hirtius and Pansa, to bring aid to Decimus Brutus. In three months and two battles ended this war. Antonio writes that at first fled, appearing after two days without horses and without the cloak of a general, but there is no doubt that the second time filled the duties of chief and soldier, then in the thick of the fight, being severely wounded standard bearer of his legion, took the eagles on his shoulder, taking them very long time.
XI. Hirtius perished in this war, and Pansa, the first battle, and the second soon after a wound he received at her and then ran and] the rumor that Octavio had killed the two, hoping that the defeat of Antony and the deaths of the consuls let him sole owner of the victorious armies. Such suspicions aroused the death of Pansa, who was imprisoned as Clicón doctor guilty of having poisoned his wound. Niger Aguilio adds to these accusations that Octavian himself slew the other consul Hirtius in the confusion of combat.
XII. But when he learned that Antonio had been received, after his escape, the camp of M. Lepidus, and the other generals, according to their armies joined their opponents, without hesitation, he left because of the great grounds to justify his removal was complaints from speeches and conduct of many of them that some According to him, he had been treated as a child, claiming that he should be commended and praise (tollerumque) (45) to dispense the gratitude that is owed equally to its veterans. To bring out more and more his disgust for having served on that party, imposed a heavy fine to the people of Norcia, who had erected a memorial monument to the dead citizens Mutina before, with an inscription that said, died for freedom; could not afford it, for they were expelled from the city for him.
XIII. Successful alliance with Antony and Lepidus, also ended in two battles of Philippi war, despite being weak and sick. In the first they took their camp, getting away with great effort, winning the wing that sent Antonio. He showed restraint in victory, sending to Rome the head of Brutus, for the throw at the foot of the statue of Caesar, and with bloody outrages increased the punishments imposed on most illustrious prisoners. It refers to one of these, who begged grant him burial, he replied that he belonged for the vultures and some as father and son, asking him life, he commanded the fate they were playing to fight each other, promising to give grace to the winner, the father then threw himself against the sword of the son, and he saw him dead, killed himself while Octavio saw die happy. For this reason, when they brought the other captives, with the chain around his neck, before the winners, everyone, and especially M. Favonius, the imitator of Cato, agreed, after greeting with the name of Imperator, of addressing cruel insults. In the distribution that followed the victory, was commissioned Antonio to form the East, and Octavian to take veterans to Italy to establish them in the territories of the municipal cities, but only managed to anger both the old owners and veterans, complaining about that offal and others that they are not rewarded as they were entitled to expect for their services.
XIV. Trusting L. Antonio by this time at the consulate that was invested and the power of his brother, wanted to provoke unrest, but Octavio forced him to flee to Perugia, reducing hunger, but not without taking great risks himself before and during this war. It happened, in fact, that in a show, a simple soldier sat on a bench of the gentlemen did he throw him through a aparitor, and few moments later, his enemies spread the rumor that had made him die in torment, is very close to Octavio perish under the blows of the mob angry soldier who had gone, and only safe and sound file that was saved then died said the death. On another occasion, to sacrifice near Perugia, he nearly perished at the hands of some gladiators who left town abruptly.
XV. Taken Perugia, was cruel to its inhabitants, a few asked for grace or trying to justify the need to answer them die. According to some authors, the subject chose three hundred of the two orders and the sacrifice made on the Ides of March as the victims, their sacrifices before the altar raised to Julius Caesar. Others seek only provoked this war, to force its secret enemies and those they retained the fear even more than the will, to be discovered at last, giving their chief L. Antonio, and in order that their goods confiscated to serve him after his defeat to give veterans the rewards they offered them.
XVI. The war in Sicily was one of his first companies, but drove slowly, interrupting many times, both to repair the damage to their fleets, even during summer, by continuous storms and shipwrecks, to make peace at the behest of the people , which intercepted the food, was threatened by famine. When did repair ships and trained in the maneuver to twenty thousand slaves who granted freedom, created the port in July, near Baias, and opened to the sea and Lake Avernus Lucrino; beat Pompey between Nauloco Mylasa and, feeling slightly assaulted before the fight so invincible need of sleep, they had to wake him to give the signal. This fact gave rise, in my opinion, to the sarcasm of Antonio, when censorship was not able to look ahead a line of battle, and have been lying on his back, trembling and stupid eyes up to heaven, without abandoning this attitude, to show the soldiers, until M. Agrippa had put to flight the enemy ships. Others will decry a phrase and a wicked act, as having said, seeing his fleet destroyed by the storm that beat even know of Neptune, and have deleted the first games of the circus the statue of the god, one of the ornaments this solemn ceremony. In no other war has been so exposed against his will, to so many and great dangers. After having passed an army to Sicily, hoisted sail for the continent to get the rest of his troops, when he was attacked by improvised Democnares and Apollofano, Legacies of Pompey, and not without much work might be safe with a single ship . Another day, moving on foot near Stews, en route to Regio, saw the galleys of Pompey's party coasted the land, believing his own, down to the beach and was about to be captured. It happened also that, while running for lost byways, a slave of Aemilius Paulus, who accompanied him, remembering that once the father had forbidden her master and yielding to the temptation of revenge, tried to kill him. After the flight of Pompey, M. Lepidus, the second of his colleagues, whom he called to his rescue Africa, elated with the support of his twenty legions and claimed first place with threats in the state. Octavio took his army, and forgiving life on his knees asking him Circeya banished to the island for life.
XVII. Finally broke its alliance with M. Antonio, alliance always uncertain and doubtful, poorly observed with frequent reconciliations, and to demonstrate how he distanced himself from his rival customs of his country, he had opened and read in front of the assembled people the will that had left one in Rome (46), and which placed on the number of heirs to the children of Cleopatra. However, after declaring him an enemy of the Republic, sent all his relatives and friends, among others, C. Sosius and Cn. Domitius, consuls then forgiving also the inhabitants of Bologna, which since ancient times contained in the party of Antonios, who had taken arms against him as all of Italy. Soon afterwards he defeated in a naval battle near Actium given, which lasted until dusk, spending the night in a victory ship. From Actium came to establish winter quarters at Samos, but learned that the soldiers chosen from all objects after the victory, and that his orders had preceded him to Brindisi, had just asking rebel rewards and licensing, initiated, full of anxiety, the way to Italy. Twice he was opposed by the storm during the voyage: first between the promontories of Peloponnesus and the Aeolian, and later near the mountains Ceramics, perished in this disaster part two of their ships liburnesas, losing his entire rig and rompiéndosele the helm. Only twenty-seven days he remained in Brindisi, to meet the demands of the soldiers went from there to Asia and Egypt for Syria, laid siege to Alexandria, where Antonio had taken refuge with Cleopatra, and became owner of some of the city. Antonio wanted to talk peace, but it was too late: Octavio oblígole to die, happening to see after his death. One of his most vehement desires was to secure Cleopatra to his triumph, as was believed to have died from the bite of an asp, made some psilos (47) sucked the poison from the wound. It gave the couple that draw on common grave, and ordered that the tomb be concluded that they had begun to build. The young Antonio, the eldest of two children that had triunvirio Fulvia was following continuous and futile entreaties to take refuge at the feet of the statue of Caesar Augustus snatched away and sent him to death. Caesarion, who claimed to have been Cleopatra Caesar, was hit while attempting to flee and delivered to the rack. As for the other children of Anthony and the queen, considered as members of their families, educators and assured position in proportion to their birth.
XVIII. By this time commanded open the tomb of Alexander the Great, got the body, was contemplating a moment he put on his head a golden crown and covered him with flowers as a token of homage. Asked if he wanted to see also Ptolomeum, replied that he had come to see a king and not dead. Egypt became a Roman province, and to ensure the supplies needed for production of Rome, sent his soldiers clean up all the channels opened by the overflowing of the Nile and that time was covered with silt. To perpetuate the memory of centuries, the glory of victory of Actium, founded near the city of Nicopolis, established quinquennial games. Expanded also the ancient temple of Apollo, adorned with a naval trophy was the site of their camp and solemnly consecrated it to Neptune and Mars.
XIX. A large number of disturbances, uprisings and conspiracies, it was informed, were suffocated by it at its source; also dominated at different times, the conspiracy of the young Lepidus, then the Varro Murena and Fannie Cepión, M. Egnatius of Aulus Rufus, Lucio Paulo, husband of his granddaughter, L. Audasio accused of forger, whom age had weakened his body and reason, of Asinius Epicardium, mestizo delivery, and finally, of Telephos, gazetteer of a slave woman, as was also threatened by the machinations of men of low extraction. Epicardium Audasio and wanted to snatch his daughter Julia and his grandson Agrippa of the islands where they were confined and present them to hosts, and Telefo, believed destined for the empire, had conceived the idea of killing Augustus and the Senate, was found also a mercenary army of Illyria, a night hiding near his bed, had penetrated as far as escaping the vigilance of the guards, who wore at her belt a hunting knife. Ignored if feigned insanity or if, indeed, had lost his mind, unable to wrest any confession under torture.
XX. By itself only directed two foreign wars, that of Dalmatia, in his youth, and the Cantabrian after the defeat of Antony. He was wounded twice in Dalmatia, one in the knee with a stone, and another in a thigh and both arms of a bridge collapse. The other two wars, headed their legacies, but took part in some expeditions Panomia and Germany, or was at least near the theater of war, going from Rome to Ravenna, Milan and Aquileia.
XXI. Submitted in person or by his generals Cantabria, Aquitaine, the Dalmatian Panomia and with all the Illyria, held the strong, the Vindelicia and Salesas peoples of the Alps, held Dacian raids destroyed most of their armies and killed them three chiefs. Drove the Germans across the Elbe, and received the submission of Ubios and sicambros, transferring and assigning to Gaul near the Rhine lands also reduced to obedience other nations uneasy and turbulent, but kept his war on any nation without just cause or pressing need, it was so far from the Empire or aspire to increase their military glory, which forced some barbarian kings to swear in the temple of Mars the Avenger, stay faithful to the peace that he requested. He demanded also to some new kind of hostages, that is, he had observed that women were estimated at some men given in that capacity. However, always left their allies the right to withdraw their hostages when they wished, and never punished her frequent rebellions and his perfidy rather than selling their prisoners, provided they had not served in neighboring countries or be free thirty years before . The reputation of strength and moderation which reached this behavior, determined by the Hindus and Scythians, of which only the name was then known, to ask through his friendship and the ambassadors of the Roman people. Also deliveries easily ceded Armenia to recover, returning, too. Upon request, the military ensigns taken from M. Crassus and M. Antonio and offering hostages also, and, finally, many princes, who vied longstanding each command, acknowledged to be nominated by him.
XXII. The temple of Janus Quirinus, which had been closed only twice since the founding of Rome, it was then three, in a course of time much shorter, being secured peace by land and sea. Twice entered Rome with the honors of an ovation, one after the battle Philippi, and the other after the war in Sicily. Seats held with three wins his victories in Dalmatia, Actium and Alexandria, and every triumph lasted three days.
XXIII. For severe and ignominious defeats suffered the Lollia and Varo, both in Germany, being the one more shameful that irreparable, the Varo could, however, be fatal to the empire, since it was put to the sword with three legions General, bequests and all auxiliaries. When the news sent to Rome to place military guards to prevent possible unrest, confirmed in his powers to provincial governors to use their experience and ability, contained in its duty to the allies, and offered great games to Jupiter for improved the situation of the Republic, as was done in the war of the Cimbri and the Marsi. It is said, finally, he experienced such despair that he grew a beard and hair for many months, sometimes banging his head against walls, and exclaiming Quintilio Varus, give me back my legions. Anniversaries of the disaster were provided for him sad and gloomy days.
XXIV. Changed many things and many more established military organization, putting into force and other time relegated to oblivion. He maintained discipline with severity, and only allowed his bequests were to see their wives in the winter months, and even this with great difficulty. A Roman knight having amputee the thumb of his two sons to avoid military service, he went to sell at auction with all their property, but seeing that rushed to buy the public consent, it did award a freedman of his who had orders to take to the fields and let free. Licensed ignominiously throughout the tenth legion, who only obeying murmuring, and other imperiously demanded that the license was granted it, but without the promised rewards for their long service. If a legion retreated, the decimated, giving only barley for every meal. Punished with death as ordinary soldiers to the centurions who left their posts. As for other crimes, punished with different degrading punishment, such as staying up all day before the general's tent, or go without a belt and a tunic, holding in his hand a far land or a handful of grass.
XXV After civil wars, failed to give the title of fellow soldiers in the speeches and edicts, calling them soldiers only, and did not allow either his sons or sons that they should give them another name when sent, believing that the Peer was a flattery was not suitable to the preservation of discipline, or the state of peace, or the majesty of the Caesars. Except for cases of fire and conspiracies that could cause shortages of food, only freed slaves enlisted twice: first for the defense of neighboring colonies to Illyria, and second, to protect the banks of the Rhine these two times were to be slaves to the wealthy men and women of Rome had purchased and manumitted in the act; colocábalos front line, without mixing with the free arm them nor as to them. Preferred to give as rewards military harnesses, collars and jewels, whose value consisted of gold and silver, or mural crowns Valarian (48), much coveted. Extremely chary of the latter, never granted to the favor, and he almost always simple soldiers. Gave to Agrippa, after his naval victory in Sicily, a standard color of the sea. Never gave these awards to those who had enjoyed the honor of triumph, even though they had taken part in expeditions and contributed to their victories, the reason was that they had been entitled to distribute as they wished these rewards. In his opinion, nothing less suited to a great master of haste and rashness, and so frequently repeated the Greek proverb: Make haste slowly, and this one, It is the prudent chief reckless, or even this: it is very soon making it very well. Also said that should only be undertaken in a war or a battle when you can expect more good than harm victory from defeat, because, he added, the war that much to earn a little adventure, it seems the man angling of gold, whose loss could not compensate any prey.
XXVI. Before the age was raised to office and honors, many of which were new building in perpetuity. At twenty invaded the consulate, march on Rome by a warning to his legions, and sending deputies to demand for him this dignity in the name of the army. As the Senate hesitated, the centurion Cornelius, who was leading the deputation, he opened his cloak, and displaying the hilt of his sword, dared to exclaim: This will, if you do not do it. It took nine years of his first to his second consulate and only one until the third. Then followed without interruption until the eleventh, and, having refused all offered then asked himself the twelfth seventeen years later, two years after the thirteenth again asked, in order to get at the Forum, as chief magistrate the Republic, to his grandchildren Gaius and Lucius, who were to enter public life. The five consulates separating the sixteenth of the eleventh were each one year, and the other not retained beyond the nine, six, four or three months, and the latter only a few hours. Just sitting, in fact, in the chair seat in front of the Capitoline temple of Jupiter on the morning of the Kalends of January, he resigned the post, naming other consul in his stead. It did not take possession of all its consulates in Rome, for the fourth began in Asia, the fifth in Samos and the eighth and ninth at Tarragona.
XXVII. For ten years he was the head of the triumvirate set up to organize the republic for some time resisted his colleagues, opposing the ban, but later deployed far more cruelty than any of them, because they at least sometimes were left soften by the entreaties of friendship, only he opposed with all his authority to forgive anyone, even his guardian outlawing C. Torani, who was also a colleague of his father Octavius in the councilor. Saturn in June referred to this other fact: After proscriptions, Lepidus excusing the past in the Senate, he hoped that clemency would finally put an end to punishments, but said Octavio, however, cease to proscribe only provided to do anything he wanted. However, this belated repentance debiese hardness which raised to the dignity of a gentleman to T. Vinius Filopemón, who was said to have hidden in your employer once banned. For many special features became odious for a triumvirate, one day, for example, who harangued the soldiers in front of the inhabitants of the surrounding fields, saw a Roman knight named Pinario furtively taking some notes, and only suspicions that a spy would kill him instantly. A Ennui Afer, consul-designate, who ridiculed an act with a joke of his, Octavio threats at him so furious that he was unhappy death. The praetor Q. Gallium approached to greet him wearing under his toga double tablets; Octavio thought they were a sword, not daring to register on the spot for fear of not finding weapons short while later he started up his stand by centurions and soldiers ordered to torture him like a slave, and not getting any confession made him beheaded, after rip his eyes with his own hands. He himself wrote about this issue that gallium had wanted to kill him at a hearing that he asked, who was imprisoned by his order was placed immediately released, and forbidden to live in Rome, and who perished in a shipwreck or at the hands of some Bandits (49). Augustus was invested in perpetuity with the power tribune (50), twice took a colleague in this dignity, each for five years. It was also vested with the perpetual vigilance of the customs and laws (51), and under this law, which was not, however, the same as censorship, established three times the census of the people: the first and third with his colleague, the second one.
XXVIII. Twice had the idea of restoring the Republic: first after the defeat of Antony, who often accused him of being the only obstacle to the restoration of freedom, and then, as a result of suffering a long illness, reaching to go home to judges and senators and delivering the accounts of the Empire. He thought, however, that this would expose their private life and deliver certain dangers recklessly the Republic to the tyranny of some ambitious and decided to continue in power, and can not say what he has to praise more, if the consequences or The reasons for this resolution. He was pleased to remember sometimes these reasons, and even released it one of his edicts. Let me state the Republic in a permanent state of splendor and security, with this I will have achieved the reward ambition, happiness is considered my work and if I can boast of having set the dying on immutable foundations. It ensures the realization of this desire, striving for that one had to lament the new order of things.
XXIX. Rome was not, in appearance, worthy of the majesty of the Empire and was subject, on the other hand, floods and fires. He knew how to embellish it in such a manner that could rightly boast of having received it let marble bricks. Also said the dangers of the future, as human wisdom can foresee. Among the many public monuments whose construction is owed mainly include the Forum and the Temple of Mars the Avenger, that of Apollo in the Palatium and Jupiter Thunderer on the Capitol. The Forum was built because the increasing number of litigants and business demanded it, and insufficient the first two. Thus, without waiting for the temple of Mars was finished, he hastened to order the special procedures in the new forum, the trial of criminal cases and the choice of judges. As far as the temple of Mars, had vowed during the war Philippi, undertaken to avenge his father. He decreed, therefore, that the Senate would meet there to discuss the wars and triumphs, that there they would leave those who marched with some control to the provinces, and that there would eventually deposit the insignia of the triumph of victorious generals. The temple of Apollo at the Palatium, was built in part of his house destroyed by lightning, which had declared that God Scryers pedia home, adding porches and a Latin and Greek library. In his later years often summoned the Senate and went to him for recognizing decurias of judges. The temple of Jupiter the Thunderer was built by him in memory of his escape from danger during a night march, in one of his expeditions against the Cantabrian, a lightning struck, in fact, her litter, killing the slave who went before him with a torch in his hand. He also perform other work under another name than his, for example, those of his grandchildren, his wife and sister-such are the portal of the basilica of Gaius and Lucius, the porticoes of Livia and Octavian, and the theater of Marcellus. Often also called upon the chief citizens to beautify the city, each according to his means, or with new monuments, or repairing and beautifying the old, the only desire was to be lifted because of large number of buildings. Marcius Philippus raised the temple of Hercules and Museums, L. Cornificius, that of Diana; Asinius Pollio, the lobby of Liberty Munatius Plauco, the temple of Saturn, Cornelius Balbus, a theater Stantilio Faure, an amphitheater, and finally, M. Agrippa large number of magnificent buildings.
XXX. Rome divided into sections and neighborhoods, ordering the surveillance of the sections to the annual judges (elected officials, the tribunes, the magistrates), who luckily managed and neighborhood inspectors who lived in them and were chosen from among the people. Established nightly rounds to fire, and to prevent flooding of the Tiber was clean and widen its channel, had long blocked by the ruins and shaken by the collapse of buildings. To facilitate access everywhere to Rome, took charge of repairing the Via Flaminia to Rimini, and wanted to imitate him, every citizen who has received the honors of victory, paving a road would employ the money that belonged to its share of the spoils. Rebuilt sacred buildings of the time the action and fires had destroyed, and like the others He adorned with precious present, leading at once to the shrine of Jupiter Capitoline sixteen thousand pounds weight of gold and fifty million sesterces in gems and pearls.
XXXI. Lepidus died, and got by him Pontifex Maximus, who in life than that he dared not take away was to collect and burn more than two thousand volumes of Greek and Latin predictions that were distributed to the public and had only one suspect. He retained only the Sibylline books, making them a espurgo and enclosing two golden caskets, under the statue of Apollo Palatinus. Reduced the method used formerly in the march of the year, and arranged by Julius Caesar, and in which the negligence of the pontiffs had introduced new disorder and confusion. In this work gave his name to the month called Sextilis (52), in preference to September in which he was born, because at that consulate and received his first achieved its major victories. The number of priests, their dignity and to their privileges, especially those of the Vestal Virgins. Having killed one of them was to replace (53), and like many citizens ask please not bring their children to the risks of the draw, he said that if one of their daughters had reached the age required to have volunteered. Restored also many ancient ceremonies fall into disuse, including the prediction of Health, the honors due to flamin Dial, the Lupercalia, the Secular Games and compitales. Forbade the run in the Lupercalia festivities before the age of puberty, also banning young people from both sexes in attendance for the secular games to evening shows if not accompanied by any relatives older than themselves. Established two annual games in honor of the gods compitales, which should be decorated with spring flowers and summer. Honored almost as much as the immortal gods memory of great men so weak that they learned early the power of Rome to raise so considerable degree of development. For this reason did restore the monuments erected those, leaving its glorious records. At his command were placed all its triumphal statues in suit under the two gates of his Forum, and declared in an edict that he wanted his example serves to be tried while he lived himself and all his successors princes. He also moved the statue of Pompey the room where they killed Caesar, under a marble arch, opposite the palace next to the theater of Pompey himself.
XXXII. He corrected many abuses as detestable as pernicious, born of the customs and licensing of civil wars and peace itself was unable to destroy. Most highway robbers were publicly weapons under the pretext of attending to their defense, and travelers of free or servile condition were trapped on the roads and shut without distinction in the workshops of the slave owners. Had also been formed under the title of new guilds, associations of malefactors who committed all sorts of crimes. Augusto robbers held the guards at establishing appropriate points, visited the workshops of slaves and disbanded all guilds, except the old and legal. He burned the records which were registered in former Treasury debtors, to thereby end the litigation that had become home such records. Certain parts of the city, claiming that the public domain with questionable titles, awarded them to their owners. Processes dismissed former defendants, whose punishment served only to gladden his adversaries, and referred to the possibility of the same penalty as they had been able to speak out against anyone who tried to chase them again. So that no crime goes unpunished and no business is carried with neglect, restored, on the other hand, work more than thirty days free of him, sets fees. At three judges decurias added the fourth, composed of people below the Census of knights, which was called the ducenarios decuria of taking charge of the business view of medium importance. He chose judges from the age of twenty, that is, five years before what had been done before, and as many citizens refused the honor of these functions, authorized, though reluctantly, to each decuria to enjoy her holiday by year since, following the established custom, were suspended the trial of censorship during the months of November and December.
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